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The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, drawn up by John
Locke, provided for an hereditary nobility consisting of one
Landgrave and two Cassiques from
each of the colony's twenty-five provinces. The "Grand Model
of Government", as the Fundamental Constitutions came to
be known, stipulated that the dignity of the proprietors, landgraves,
and cassiques be supported by grants of large estates and secured
by making these estates forever inseparable from the titles and
privileges of the respective orders.
In order to furnish to these nobles the outward and visible
signs of their status, the Lords Proprietors in 1705 appointed
Laurence Cromp, Esq., of Worcester to the position of Carolina
Herald, with power to grant arms to the landgraves and
cassiques. Whether Cromp ever made any grant of arms is uncertain,
and it is unknown whether the Carolina nobility ever had the
opportunity to wear their gold chains or robes of scarlet and
gold specified by the document.
"WHEREAS our late Sovereign Lord Charles the Second King
of great Brittaine, France and Ireland and the Dominions thereunto
belonging, of his special Grace and Favour did give and grant
unto Edward Earl of Clarendon, George Duke of Albemarl, William
Earl of Craven, John Lord Berkley, Anthony Lord Ashley, Sr. George
Carteret, Sr. John Colleton Knts. and Barts. and Sr. William
Berkeley Knt. our Predecessors and to their Heires and Successors
forever, together with the Province of Carolina, Power, States,
Degrees, both of Titles, Dignities and Honours, there to be Settled
and Sett up as of Men well deserving the same Degrees to bear,
and with such Titles to be Honoured and adorned, AND WHEREAS
by our form of Government It was by our said Predecessor Established
and Constituted, and is by us and our Heires and Successors for
ever to be observed, That there be a certain Number of Landgraves
and Cassiques who may be and are the perpetual and Hereditary
Nobles and Peers of our said Province of Carolina, and to the
End that above Rule and Order of Honor may be Established and
Settled in our Said Province. We therefore...the Lord Proprietors
of the said Province of Carolina being well Satisfied of the
great Integrity, Sckill and Ability of you the Sd. Laurence Cromp,
Doe hereby make, Constitute and appoint, and hereby have made,
constituted and appointed You the said Laurence Cromp to be President
of our Court of Honor and principal Herald of our whole Province
of Carolina, by the Name of Carolina Herald. To hold the Same
dureing the Term of Your Natural Life with such Fees, Perquisites
and Proffitts as Shall be approved on and Settled by us, and
as perpetual Monument of our Favour towards our Landgraves and
Cassiques and their Meritt, We do hereby Authorise, Impower and
direct you the said Laurence Cromp Carolina Herald, to devyse,
give, Grant and Assigne to the said Landgraves and Cassiques
of our Sd. Province upon the Face of the Sun in its' Glory Such
Arms and Crest as you Shall think most proper, & upon the
Escocheon of the said Arms a Landgraves & Cassiques Cap of
Honor, which said Badges or Distinctions of Honor they are not
to make use till assigned by You, and to Invest our Said Landgraves
& Cassiques that are already made & to be made, in Robes
of Scarlet Interlaced with Gold, to be by them worn on all great
& Solemn Occasions, & also to Invest them with a Purple
Ribbon or Gold Chain, with the Sun in its Glory Pendant at the
Same, with this Motto about the Face of the Said Sun VIDIT QUE
DEUS HANC LUCEM ESSE BONAM, which said Gold Chain and Sun or
Purple Ribbon & Sun, We Injoyne and require them always to
appear with. Draughts of all which are depicted in the Margin
hereof, & We doe hereby grant & Confirm to the said Landgraves
& Cassiques of our Said Province and their Heires for Ever
all the above mentioned Honorable Distinctions of Nobility. And
We do hereby further direct, Grant & impower you, under your
hand & Seal to devyse, Give, grant and assign upon the Face
of the Sun in its' Glory such Arms & Crests as you Shall
think most ffitt & proper to all such Inhabitants of our
said Province, that to you shall appear deserving the Same as
an Everlasting Monumt. to them and their Posterity of their Rise
& Descent from our sd. Province of Carolina, And We likewise
Impower You to hold a Court of Honor & to Cite & Cause
to appear before you all such Person or Persons, as Shall presume
to use any Coat of Arms that they cannot make out their due Right
to, then to deface the Same wheresoever borne or Sett up &
make publick Proclaimacon thereof, and also we require that all
the Inhabitants aforesaid duely observe the Rules & Orders
of your Said Court. And you are also hereby obliged to keep a
Register of all Such Arms, Crests or Alterations & Assignmts.
of Arms as Shall by you be granted or Assigned to Any Persons
Inhabitants of Our said Province, And you are to preserve &
Register the Pedigrees and Descents of the Severall Familys Inhabitants
of Our Said Province, And you are to regulate all Publick &
Solemne Processions & Meetings & all & Singular the
promisses above mentioned....Given under Our Hands & the
great Seal of Our Province 1st June 1705."
Signed by Lords Proprietors Granville, Craven, Carteret, Ashley,
and Colleton, this copy of the document was "Taken from
the Originall in the Custody of Peter LeNeue...& now in the
Custody of Mr. Hodgson...who is one of the Landgraves."
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