The 37th U.S. Congress met in three sessions: 1) July 4, 1861 to August 6, 1861; 2) December 2, 1861 to July 17, 1862; and 3) December 1, 1862 to March 4, 1863. A Special Session was convened from March 4th to March 28th in 1861.

South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860. All elected delegates remained at home, and new elections were held to send representatives to the Confederate Congress.

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