Orangeburg County ceded land for the creation of Lexington County in 1804; it ceded more lands to Lexington County circa 1850 and circa 1870; it received a small portion of land from Berkeley County in 1897; and, it ceded land for the creation of Calhoun County in 1908.

Its population increased from 15,766 in 1800 to 91,582 in 2000. Click on the maps below to peruse the known towns and villages that came and went over the past two centuries or so - a few cannot be located since they do not show up on available maps of SC.