The Buffalo Union-Carolina Railroad was built in 1900 to deliver supplies for the construction of a new textile mill in Buffalo, and then served the mill from an interchange with the Southern Railway in Union, South Carolina.

The railroad went through Union then paralleled or used trackage rights on the Southern Railway from Monarch Mills to the southeast of town. The railroad then diverged to Gregory, a power plant at Neal Shoals on the Broad River, and then down to Pride on the Seaboard Air Line Railway just northeast of Carlisle.

This section of the road was apparently built to serve the power plant along the river, and to provide a connection other than with the Southern Railway. The section between Monarch Mills and Pride was abandoned between 1945 and 1959. The section between Union and Buffalo came into possession of Southern Railway, which abandoned it by 1971.

Towns on Route:

Union

Buffalo