On September 9, 1775, the Provincial Congress authorized thirty-five (35) existing county Militias to be organized. All officers were appointed and commissioned by the Provincial Congress.

Col. Samuel Spencer resigned in February of 1776. Col. Thomas Wade, who had previously commanded the Salisbury District Minutemen, was appointed to lead the Anson County Regiment on March 2, 1776, replacing Samuel Spencer. Col. Charles Medlock remained in the Anson County Regiment until the Richmond County Regiment was established in 1779, whereby he took command.

After the British invaded North Carolina in September of 1780, then again in February of 1781, the Loyalists in Anson County became so active that Col. Thomas Wade felt his life was no longer safe, so he went to Virginia to avoid capture. He returned after Lord Corwallis left North Carolina in May of 1781, and was quite diligent in returning Anson County to Patriot rule, not an easy task with Loyalist Col. David Fanning nearby and very active well into 1782.

The Anson County Regiment was active until the end of the war. Units of this regiment were known to have participated in the following known battles/skirmishes: